Si quisiéramos conocer las diferentes capas que componen la Tierra, ya sea en un libro o en internet, encontraremos ilustraciones como ésta:

O como ésta otra:

Lo cual nos dará una idea de cómo es la Tierra en su interior, o por lo menos qué capas la conforman. Pero lo que definitivamente no tendremos, es una idea de cuán chica es una montaña comparada con el tamaño de la Tierra. Y es que, en los dibujos mostrados, el tamaño de las montañas está más o menos entre un veinteavo (1/20) y un treintavo (1/30) del radio de la Tierra. Aquí veremos que es mucho menos que eso.

La Tierra

Cabe recordar que, en una circunferencia, el radio es la distancia desde su centro hasta su borde y el diámetro es un segmento que une dos puntos del borde de la circunferencia pasando por su centro, tal como se ve en la figura:

Para tener una idea más ajustada a la realidad vamos a representar a la Tierra como una circunferencia hecha con los bordes de un cd. Un cd tiene seis centímetros de radio. Entonces, vamos a calcular cuál sería la altura de la montaña más alta de la Tierra (el monte Everest, con una altura de 8,848 metros) en esta circunferencia de 6 cm. de radio.

El monte Everest, con una altura de 8,848 metros

Podemos calcular la altura del Everest en nuestro dibujo haciendo uso de la siguiente proporción:

Por otro lado, tenemos que el diámetro de un cabello humano varía desde 15 micras (muy fino) a 170 micras (muy grueso), por lo que podemos decir que 83 micras está muy cerca del diámetro promedio de un cabello humano.

El cabello humano

Esto quiere decir que, si representamos a la Tierra con una circunferencia de 6 cm. de radio (un cd), el monte Everest tendría la altura de un cabello humano! Con razón no se le puede dibujar a escala; simplemente no lo veríamos pues hasta el grosor del trazo del lapicero usado para dibujar la circunferencia, es más grande que el diámetro de un cabello humano, tal como podemos apreciar en la siguiente foto:

Dibujo de la Tierra con un radio de 6 cm. Encima de ella, un poco a la derecha, se puede ver un cabello humano.

La razón entre la altura del Everest y el radio de la Tierra es 1/720; eso significa que el radio de la Tierra es 720 veces la altura del monte Everest. Y téngase en cuenta que estamos hablando de la montaña más alta de la Tierra. La siguiente es una foto del famoso monte Fuji de Japón. Su altura es de 3,776 metros. No es ni la mitad del monte Everest.

El monte Fuji, en Japón, con una altura de 3,776 metros

NOTA: El edificio que se ve en la foto de presentación es el Burj Khalifa, el edificio más alto del mundo, con 828 metros (163 pisos). Para igualar la altura del monte Everest tendríamos que poner 10 Burj Khalifa, uno encima de otro y todavía nos faltarían 568 metros (más de medio kilómetro).

REFERENCIAS: Para el artículo: Ninguna. Para las fotos: internet.

El Burj Khalifa, el edificio más alto del mundo, con 828 metros (163 pisos)

311 thoughts on “¡QUE GRANDE ES LA TIERRA!”
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